body {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.8;
    background-color: #e7f2fb;
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(235, 245, 252, 0.76), rgba(235, 245, 252, 0.76)), url('images/ice-sheet-hero.png');
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    background-attachment: fixed;
    color: #252d35;
    margin: 0;
}

nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: rgba(240, 249, 255, 0.78);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    padding: 15px 0;
    text-align: center;
    z-index: 100;
    box-shadow: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(80, 117, 145, 0.06);
}

nav a {
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    margin: 0 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.3s;
}

nav a:hover {
    color: #17354b;
}

.hero-container {
    isolation: isolate;
    min-height: 760px;
    height: 100svh;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    padding: 120px max(7vw, 24px) 120px;
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: left;
    color: white;
}

#ice-sheet-cover {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    z-index: -2;
}

.hero-container::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(9, 37, 54, 0.52) 0%, rgba(9, 37, 54, 0.35) 65%, transparent 100%);
    z-index: -1;
}

.hero-container::after {
    display: none;
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: auto 0 -1px;
    height: 85px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(231, 242, 251, 0), rgba(231, 242, 251, 0.15) 35%, #e7f2fb 100%);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: -1;
}

.main-content {
    padding: 36px 24px 88px;
}

.main-content #about {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.about-text { color: #252d35; }
.main-content #research { padding-top: 24px; }
.education-list li:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }

.main-content section {
    max-width: 960px;
    margin: 0 auto 56px auto;
    padding: clamp(20px, 4vw, 48px);
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: none;
    backdrop-filter: none;
    scroll-margin-top: 90px;
}

.main-content section:last-of-type {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.hero-container header {
    background-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
    color: white;
}

.hero-container h1 {
    font-size: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 8rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.055em;
    margin: 22px 0 18px;
}

.hero-chinese-name {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 20px;
    font-size: 0.45em;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    vertical-align: middle;
    white-space: nowrap;
    color: #d1e8ee;
}

.hero-container header p {
    color: #e4eff3;
}

.hero-container header .hero-eyebrow { font-size: 0.75rem; letter-spacing: 0.25em; }
.hero-container header .hero-statement { font-family: Georgia, serif; font-style: italic; font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.7rem); margin: 0 0 22px; color: #d1e8ee; }
.hero-description { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0; }
.hero-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 28px; margin-top: 36px; }
.hero-actions a { text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.hero-actions .hero-btn { padding: 11px 18px; color: #183d4c; background: #e4eff1; border: 1px solid #e4eff1; border-radius: 3px; }
.hero-actions .hero-btn:hover { background: white; }
.hero-secondary { color: #edf7fa; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(237, 247, 250, 0.5); padding: 10px 0; }
.hero-actions span { margin-left: 14px; }
.hero-footer { position: absolute; bottom: 155px; left: max(7vw, 24px); right: max(7vw, 24px); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 20px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(231, 245, 250, 0.25); padding-top: 20px; color: #d2e3e9; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.hero-footer > span > span { margin: 0 12px; opacity: 0.5; }
.hero-scroll { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.65rem; letter-spacing: 0.15em; }
.hero-scroll span { margin-left: 14px; }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .hero-container { min-height: 800px; padding-top: 110px; padding-bottom: 230px; }
    .hero-footer { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; bottom: 150px; }
    .hero-footer > span { font-size: 0.72rem; }
    .hero-actions { gap: 18px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    #background-video { display: none; }
    .hero-container { background: #163e50; }
}

h2 {
    font-size: 1.65em;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    color: #343a40;
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
    margin-top: 0;
}

strong {
    color: #495057;
}

.interest-item {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.interest-item h3 {
    font-size: 1.4em;
    color: #343a40;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.research-item {
    display: flex;
    background-color: transparent; /* No card background */
    margin-bottom: 40px;
    gap: 30px;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.research-cards {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
}



.research-card-preview {
    height: 145px;
    margin: -26px -26px 22px;
    border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #fff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #edf3f7;
}
.research-card-preview img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; display: block; }
.research-card-preview.ismip7-preview img { object-fit: cover; object-position: right center; }
.projection-preview { background: #eaf4f8; }
.projection-preview svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; }
.research-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 26px;
    border: 1px solid #d2e3ee;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: #fff;
    color: #252d35;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background 180ms, border-color 180ms;
}
.research-card:hover,
.research-card:focus-visible {
    background: #fff;
    border-color: #7fa7bf;
}
.research-card-number { color: #55616c; font-size: 0.8rem; letter-spacing: 0.12em; }
.research-card h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; font-weight: 500; margin: 16px 0 12px; color: #153e54; }
.research-card p { font-size: 0.9rem; color: #454e57; margin: 0 0 30px; }
.research-card-link { margin-top: auto; color: #17354b; font-size: 0.85rem; }
.research-card-link span { float: right; }
.research-back { color: #17354b; text-underline-offset: 4px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.project-kicker { color: #55616c; font-size: 0.75rem; letter-spacing: 0.15em; margin-top: 40px; }
.project-page-title { font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; margin: 14px 0 40px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .research-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .research-item {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
}

.research-media {
    flex: 1;
}

.research-media img,
.research-media video {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.video-container > :not(:last-child) {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.research-description {
    flex: 2;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.research-description h3 {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: #17354b;
}

.research-description p {
    color: #454e57;
}

.calving-project {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}

.calving-project > h3 {
    margin: 0;
    color: #17354b;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.calving-project > h3 a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.calving-project > h3 a:hover,
.calving-project > h3 a:focus-visible {
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

.calving-project .research-media {
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
}

.calving-project .video-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
}

.calving-project .video-container > figure {
    margin: 0;
    min-width: 0;
}

.calving-project .video-container img {
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.calving-project figcaption {
    margin-top: 8px;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #454e57;
}

.calving-project .research-description p {
    margin: 0 0 14px;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .calving-project .video-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.about-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    grid-template-areas: "bio portrait";
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 30px;
}

.about-container > * { min-width: 0; }

.profile-identity { text-align: left; margin-top: 20px; padding-left: 14px; border-left: 2px solid #b2cddd; }
.profile-identity h3 {
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
}
.profile-identity p { margin: 8px 0; color: #454e57; }
.profile-role { font-size: 0.8rem; letter-spacing: 0.08em; }
.profile-email {
    color: #17354b;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    text-underline-offset: 4px;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.cv-button {
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 12px 20px;
    margin: 12px 0 30px;
    border: 1px solid #c9d8e2;
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: transparent;
    color: #454e57;
    font: inherit;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.cv-button span { font-size: 0.75rem; letter-spacing: 0; }
.cv-section-heading { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
.cv-section-heading h2 { margin-bottom: 0; }
.cv-download, .cv-open { color: #17354b; font-size: 0.9rem; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.cv-viewer { display: block; width: 100%; height: 75vh; min-height: 420px; max-height: 900px; border: 1px solid #d2e3ee; border-radius: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; }
.cv-open { display: inline-block; margin-top: 14px; }

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; row-gap: 6px; }
    .cv-viewer { height: 65vh; min-height: 340px; }
}
.about-details { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr; gap: 40px; margin-top: 36px; padding-top: 28px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(77, 123, 158, 0.12); }
.about-details h3 { font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8rem; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #454e57; font-weight: 500; margin: 0 0 18px; }
.research-interests { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.research-interests li { padding: 5px 12px; border-radius: 5px; background: rgba(210, 232, 245, 0.4); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.education-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.education-list li { position: relative; padding: 0 0 20px 20px; border-left: 1px solid #c6dce9; }
.education-list li::before { content: ''; position: absolute; left: -4px; top: 10px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background: #7fa7bf; }
.education-list strong { display: block; font-weight: 500; }
.education-list span { display: block; color: #454e57; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.publication-entry h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.5; margin: 12px 0; }
.publication-entry a { color: #17354b; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.publication-entry h3 a { text-decoration: none; }
.publication-entry h3 a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.publication-meta { font-size: 0.85rem; color: #454e57; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }
.publication-link { font-size: 0.9rem; }
.publication-entry + .publication-entry { margin-top: 36px; }

.amoc-animations {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 28px 20px;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.amoc-substudy { margin: 20px 0 0; padding-left: 22px; }
.amoc-substudy h4 { margin: 0; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 500; color: #17354b; }

.amoc-animations figure { margin: 0; min-width: 0; }
.amoc-animations.amoc-freshwater { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
.amoc-animations img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.amoc-animations figcaption {
    margin-top: 10px;
    color: #454e57;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .amoc-animations { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

.about-image {
    grid-area: portrait;
    flex: 1;
}

.about-text {
    grid-area: bio;
    flex: 2;
}

.about-text p:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.profile-pic {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    object-fit: contain;
    box-shadow: none;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .about-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        grid-template-areas: "portrait" "bio";
    }
    .about-image { width: 100%; }
    .profile-pic { display: block; }
    .profile-pic {
        max-width: 250px;
        margin: 0 auto 20px auto;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .about-details { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

#map {
    background: #deedf6;
    height: 450px;
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: none;
    margin-top: 30px;
}

#photo-gallery {
    scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}

.photo-gallery-intro { margin: -12px 0 32px; color: #454e57; }
.photo-albums { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 20px; }
.photo-album { display: block; color: #153e54; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 14px; }
.photo-album-cover { position: relative; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 14px; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; background: #deedf6; }
.photo-album-cover img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 250ms ease; }
.photo-album:hover img { transform: scale(1.035); }
.photo-album:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid #17354b; outline-offset: 6px; }
.photo-album-count { position: absolute; bottom: 16px; left: 16px; padding: 5px 12px; border-radius: 30px; background: rgba(245, 251, 255, 0.92); font-size: 0.75rem; color: #252d35; }
.photo-album-caption { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; padding: 18px 4px; }
.photo-album-location { font-size: 0.65rem; letter-spacing: 0.18em; color: #454e57; }
.photo-album h3 { margin: 4px 0 0; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.4; white-space: nowrap; }
.photo-album h3 span { display: block; margin: 7px 0 0; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 400; color: #454e57; }
.photo-album-arrow { display: none; }
@media (min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 900px) {
    .photo-albums { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .photo-albums { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .photo-album-cover img { transition: none; }
    .photo-album:hover img { transform: none; }
}

.gallery-map-note {
    color: #454e57;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.gallery-album-link {
    color: #17354b;
    text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

.map-photo-preview {
    display: block;
    width: 180px;
    height: 110px;
    object-fit: cover;
    margin: 10px 0;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.supplementary-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: none;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.research-description h3,
.calving-project > h3 {
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.research-description a {
    color: #17354b;
    text-underline-offset: 4px;
    text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

.research-item {
    margin-bottom: 56px;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    nav a {
        margin: 0 8px;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }
    .main-content {
        padding: 48px 16px;
    }
    .main-content section {
        padding: 20px 8px;
        margin-bottom: 48px;
    }
}